Volume Of Precipitation

Wet hot El Niño and Dry warm El Niño this is worse as everything is vaporised by a hot solar intensity “furnace heat” El Niño -Southern Oscillation affects on wet weather patterns inside and outside the tropics The typical rainfall anomaly associated with ENSO is a dipole rainfall pattern: Eastern Africa is in phase with warm ENSO episodes, whereas southern Africa is negatively correlated with these events (Nicholson and Kim, 1997).Humans have adapted to patterns of climate variability through land-use systems that minimize risk, with agricultural calendars that are closely tuned to typical conditions and choices of crops and animal husbandry that best reflect prevailing conditions. Rapid changes in this variability may severely disrupt production systems and livelihoods, leaving little room for adaptation. Inter-annual variability of the African climate is determined by several factors erosion risk and incomplete data. The strongest natural fluctuation of climate on inter-annual time-scales is the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, and ENSO-like fluctuations also dominate decadal time-scales (sometimes referred to as the Pacific decadal oscillation). ENSO originates in the tropical Pacific but affects climate conditions globally. Importance of changes in the climate changes effects on forests become a potential role in earth’s history. But possible abrupt dangerous weather shifts have only recently been appreciated in cities. Observational and modelling results suggest that more frequent or stronger ENSO events are possible in the future. Technically, ENSO is generated by ocean-atmosphere interactions internal to the tropical Pacific and overlying atmosphere. Positive temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific (characteristic of an El Niño event) reduce the normally large sea surface temperature difference across the tropical Pacific. As a consequence, the trade winds weaken these anomalies spread westward to Indonesia. Where they are reflected and propagate eastward along the equator. Thus some time after their generation, these negative anomalies cause the temperature anomaly in the east to decrease and change again. The combination of the tropical air-sea instability and the delayed negative feedback due to sub-surface ocean dynamics can give rise to oscillations. Beyond influencing tropical climate,